Mastering English Tenses. The Present Simple

=== Taqdimot: Mastering English Tenses. The Present Simple.pptx ===

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Mastering English Tenses: The Present Simple

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What Are Tenses, Anyway?
The Past
The Future
The Present
Tenses are simply how we talk about time in English. We have different tenses to express actions or states in the past, present, and future.
Events that have already happened.
Things happening now or generally true.
Actions or states yet to occur.

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Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
In English, there are two basic ways to speak about the present: the Present Simple and the Present Continuous (also called Present Progressive). While we’ll focus on the Present Simple today, let’s briefly compare them.
Example: «I work.»
Something generally true
Something more or less permanent
Present Simple
Example: «I’m working.»
Something happening now
Something temporary
Present Continuous

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Why the Distinction?
Many languages don’t differentiate these two ideas. But in English, there is a significant difference in meaning and usage.

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The «Now» vs. The «General Truth»
This describes an action happening at this exact moment. For example: «I’m teaching now,» or «You are listening.» It can also describe a temporary situation.
Key idea: In progress right now.
I’m Working
(Present Continuous)
This refers to a general truth or something that is more or less permanent. You might say «I work at the bank,» even if you’re not at the bank right now.
Key idea: Always true, a habit, or a fact.
I Work
(Present Simple)

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Understanding the Present Simple
Now that we understand the basic difference, let’s focus on the Present Simple. We’ll explore exactly when and how to use it, and common mistakes to avoid.
When to Use It
How It Works
Common Mistakes
Everyday actions, facts, and routines.
Simple verb forms, specific rules for «he/she/it.»
Misapplication with ongoing actions.

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General Truths and Facts
The Present Simple is perfect for stating facts and general truths that are always true.
«The sun rises in the east.» (A universal truth)
«Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.» (A scientific fact)
«Birds fly.» (A general statement about birds)
These statements describe things that happen consistently and are not limited to a specific moment.

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Habits and Routines
Use the Present Simple to talk about actions you do regularly or repeatedly, forming a habit or routine.
«I drink coffee every morning.» (A daily routine)
«She reads a book before bed.» (A regular habit)
«They visit their grandparents on Sundays.» (A weekly activity)
«He plays tennis twice a week.» (A recurring activity)

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Permanent Situations
The Present Simple also describes situations that are generally considered permanent or long-lasting.
I’m working in London
Temporary
Permanent
for now
I live in London
long-term

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Verb Forms: Simple & Straightforward
Use the base form of the verb:
«I work.»»We live.»
Remember: «It» is for non-persons (e.g., «The computer works»).
I, You, We, They
Add «-s» or «-es» to the verb:
«He works.»»She lives.»
He, She, It

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1. Permanent Situations
We use the Present Simple to talk about things that are generally always true or long-lasting. Think about your life – what’s permanent for you?
Your home: «I live in Tashkent.» (This is your main home, not a short visit.)
Your job: «He works at the bank.» (This is his regular, permanent job.)
Your city: «She lives in Bukhara.» (Her permanent residence.)
What’s a permanent fact about your life? Try to make a sentence!

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2. Routines & Habits
A routine is something you do regularly, every day, every week, or every month.
Daily habits: «I wake up at six o’clock every day.“
Evening rituals: «I go to sleep at 11 o’clock.»
Weekend activities: «We often visit our grandparents on Sundays.»
These actions happen again and again, making them perfect for the Present Simple.

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3. Universal Facts & Truths
This category includes scientific facts, general truths, and things that are universally accepted as true. They are not opinions, but proven facts.
«Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.»
«Bees make honey.»
«The sun rises in the east.»

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4. Schedules & Timetables
Classroom Schedule
«Our class starts at nine o’clock.» (Every day, every week, it’s fixed!)
Travel Itineraries
«The flight leaves at noon.» (It’s on the timetable, not just today.)

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5. Adverbs of Frequency: How Often?
We often use adverbs of frequency with the Present Simple to describe how often something happens.
Always: «I always drink coffee in the morning.“
Usually/Often: «She often reads before bed.»
Sometimes: «We sometimes eat out on Fridays.»
Never: «He never eats meat.»
These words go before the main verb, but after «to be» verb.

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What are Adverbs of Frequency?
Adverbs of frequency tell us how often an action happens. They are key words that signal the use of the Present Simple tense. Let’s look at some common examples:
Always: She always takes the bus.
Usually: We usually eat dinner at 7 PM.
Often: He often visits his grandparents.
Sometimes: They sometimes go to the beach.
Rarely: I rarely watch TV.
Never: He never eats meat.

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Present Simple: Positive Sentences
I work.
You work.
We work.
They work.
Forming positive sentences in the Present Simple is straightforward. Pay attention to the subject of the sentence!
Subjects: I, You, We, They
He works.
She works.
It works.
Subjects: He, She, It
For these subjects, we use the base form of the verb.
Remember to add an ‘s’ to the verb for third-person singular subjects (he, she, it).

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Placement of Adverbs of Frequency
Where do adverbs of frequency go in a positive sentence?
Adverbs usually come before the main verb.
I always drink coffee.
She never arrives late.
Before Main Verb
When using the verb «to be,» the adverb comes after «to be.»
He is always happy.
We are usually busy.
After «to be» Verb

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Present Simple: Negative Sentences
I don’t work. (do not)
You don’t work.
We don’t work.
They don’t work.
To make a sentence negative, we use «do not» (don’t) or «does not» (doesn’t).
Subjects: I, You, We, They
He doesn’t work. (does not)
She doesn’t work.
It doesn’t work.
Subjects: He, She, It
Notice that with «doesn’t,» the verb goes back to its base form (no ‘s’).

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Contractions: Don’t and Doesn’t
Contractions help us speak and write more naturally. «Don’t» and «doesn’t» are common shortcuts.
The apostrophe ‘ replaces the missing letter ‘o’.
I do not like spinach. → I don’t like spinach.
Do not becomes Don’t
Similarly, the apostrophe ‘ replaces the ‘o’.
He does not play soccer. → He doesn’t play soccer.
Does not becomes Doesn’t

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Present Simple: Questions
Do I work?
Do you work?
Do we work?
Do they work?
Asking questions in the Present Simple also uses «do» and «does» as helping verbs.
Subjects: I, You, We, They
Does he work?
Does she work?
Does it work?
Subjects: He, She, It
Again, the main verb stays in its base form.

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Adding Question Words
To ask more specific questions, we add question words
(Wh – words) at the beginning.
Question Word
Do / Does
Subject
Base Verb
What, When, Where, Who, Why, How (much/many/often)
Choose based on the subject.
I, you, he, she, it, we, they.
The main action.

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Practice Time!
Let’s reinforce what we’ve learned with some quick exercises. Try to fill in the blanks!
She ____ (always/go) to the gym on Mondays.
They ____ (not/often/visit) their relatives.
____ he ____ (usually/cook) dinner?
I ____ (never/eat) fast food.
What ____ you ____ (do) on weekends?
Think about the rules for positive, negative, and question forms, and the placement of adverbs.

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Key Takeaways & Next Steps
Remember the ‘s’
Adverb Placement
Use Do/Does
The Present Simple is essential for describing habits and routines, especially with adverbs of frequency.
For he, she, it in positive sentences.
For negatives and questions.
Before main verbs, after «to be».

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Building Blocks: Affirmative Statements
The basic structure is simple! Remember to add ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ for he, she, it.
Subject + Verb (+ -s/-es) + Object
Example 1:
Romy loves to eat burgers.
Example 2:
They learn English every day.

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Negative Statements: Using «do» and «does»
To make a negative statement, we introduce the helping verbs «do» or «does» and «not».
Subject + do/does + not + Verb + Object
Example 1 (Singular): Romy does not love to eat burgers. (or: Romy doesn’t love to eat burgers.)
Example 2 (Plural): They do not learn English every day. (or: They don’t learn English every day.)

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Asking Questions: The Power of «Do» and «Does»
Forming questions in the Present Simple also uses «do» or «does» at the beginning. If you have a question word (like «where,» «when,» «why»), it goes first!
General Questions: Does she need help?Do you like this season?
(Question Word) + do/does + Subject + Verb + Object?
With Question Words: Where do you work?Why does he study English?

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Spelling Changes: When to Add «-es»
He watches television.
She washes the dishes.
For he, she, it forms, sometimes we add «-es» instead of just «-s» to the verb. This happens when the verb ends with specific letters:
Verbs Ending in -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o
He fixes radios.
She misses her girlfriend.
More Examples
She goes to school.
He does his homework.
Common Irregular Verbs

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Short Answers: Keeping Conversations Natural
In real conversations, we usually give short answers instead of repeating the whole question. It sounds much more natural!
Does she need help?
Yes, she does.
Do they learn English?
Yes, they do.
Important: We cannot shorten affirmative answers like «Yes, they do» to just «Yes, they’re». The helping verb must remain.
Affirmative (Positive) Answers
Does he learn English?
No, he doesn’t.
Do you like this season?
No, I don’t.
Negative Answers

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Common Mistakes to Avoid
Many students confuse the Present Simple with the Present Continuous. Knowing the difference is key!
I go to the movies tonight. ❌
Correct: I’m going to the movies tonight. ✅
Mistake 1: Using Present Simple for actions happening NOW
She is always eating breakfast at 7 AM. ❌
Correct: She always eats breakfast at 7 AM. ✅
Mistake 2: Using Present Continuous for regular actions

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Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
For repeated actions or routines
For general truths and facts
For scheduled events (timetables)
Let’s clearly define when to use each tense. This distinction will help you communicate accurately!
Present Simple
For actions happening right now
For actions happening around now (temporary)
For definite future plans
Present Continuous
Example: He works every day.
Example: He is working now.

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
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