Economics and business

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Economics and business
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Plan:
1. Introduction ✅
2. Vocabulary Presentation 🎯
3. Practice through Exercises 💡

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Economic Situation Words
Crisis – a very difficult or dangerous situation 📉
downturn / recession / slump – a period when the economy becomes weaker 💥
crash – a sudden fall in the value of something (like the stock market) ⚠
free fall – when prices or values drop very fast️📉

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Money and Finance Words
Debt – money you owe
Income – money you earn 💰
Expenditure – money you spend
Investment – money put in to make more money later
Profit – money you earn after costs 👛

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Investor – a person who invests money 👨retailer – a shop or business selling to the public 🏬partner / partnership – people or companies working together 💼logo – a symbol or design representing a brand 🚀
Business and People Words
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Adjectives
Alarming / troubling / disturbing – causing worry
Productive – effective, producing good results
Worldwide – around the world
Inflation is rising at an alarming rate.
The company is highly productive this year.
There’s been a worldwide recession.

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Verbs
Invest – put money into something to make a profit
Launch – start or introduce a new product or service
Reduce – make something smaller or less
Slash – cut sharply or dramatically
Flourish – grow or develop successfully
Prosper – become successful, especially financially
Weaken – become less strong or less effective
Worsen – become worse or more serious
Soar – rise quickly to a high level
Tumble – fall suddenly and quickly
Rocket – increase very rapidly

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Prices soar means they go up quickly.
Stocks tumble means they fall sharply.
Retailers slash prices means they cut prices a lot.
A business can flourish or prosper — it grows successfully.
Try to remember pairs like: soar ↔ tumble, prosper ↔ weaken.

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Phrases
economic decline 📉
cost of living 👛
credit crunch 💰
a double-edged sword ⚔
set up a business 🌱
make ends meet ⚖
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Vocabulary Activity
1.1 Find expressions in the newspaper headlines which match the definitions. The first letters are provided.
Headlines to use:
Pension fund crisis // Economic downturn // Worldwide recession //
500 firms could go bust // Crash on Wall Street // Inflation soars //
Pound weakens against dollar // Stocks tumble // Profits fall //
Slump worsens // Interest rates climb // Credit crunch hits home

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1. Money set aside to provide income for people when they are retired: pension fund
2. Become bankrupt: g_ b___
3. Period of economic decline (3 different words): r________ ; s____ ; d______
4. Economic situation where banks stop lending: c_____ c_____
5. A situation where the value of something suddenly decreases: c____
6. Increase in prices leading to an increase in the cost of living: i________
7. The charge, in percent, for borrowing money: i_______ r_____
8. Go down in value (3 different words): t_____ ; w_____ ; f___

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Answers
2. Go bust
3. Recession; slump; downturn
4. Credit crunch
5. Crash
6. Inflation
7. Interest rate
8. Tumble; weaken; fall
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Speaking Practice
💬 Discussion Questions
What causes an economic downturn?
How can a business flourish during a crisis?
What are some non-essentials people spend money on?
Do you think inflation is rising or falling in your country?
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“Find Synonyms by Category” activity
General Word (Category)
Matching / Related Words
Increase
Decrease
Success
Crisis
Money
Business / Work
profit, flourish, weaken, launch, income, tumble, thrive, soar, partnership, investment, troubling, rocket, set up, reduce, credit, prosper, crash, expenditure, cut, finance, establish, slump, climb, retailer, recession, improve, spend, slash, alarming, drop, maintain, grow, disturbing, develop, boom, rise, worsen, thrive

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Answers
General Word (Category)
Matching / Related Words
Increase
rise, grow, climb, soar, rocket, shoot up, improve
Decrease
fall, drop, reduce, cut, slash, tumble, weaken, worsen
Success
flourish, prosper, thrive, succeed, boom
Crisis
downturn, slump, crash, recession, troubling, alarming, disturbing
Money
income, expenditure, profit, investment, finance, credit, spending
Business / Work
establish, set up, launch, maintain, partnership, retailer, develop

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Homework
Write a short paragraph (6–8 sentences) using at least 8 new words to describe the economic situation in your country or a recent business trend.

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Resource
The lesson materials are based on Grammar and Vocabulary for Advanced by Martin Hewings and Simon Haines (Cambridge University Press).

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