OTHER COUNTRIES WHERE ENGLISH IS THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE-AUSTRALIA

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OTHER COUNTRIES WHERE ENGLISH IS THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE-AUSTRALIA
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Geographical position of Australia
Climate
Weather
Famous cities
Economy
State structure
Sports
Holidays
Education System of Australia
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Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. Australia is the largest country by area in Oceania and the world’s sixth-largest country. Australia is a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy, comprising six states and ten territories. Australia’s population of nearly 27 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard. Canberra is the nation’s capital, while its most populous cities are Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide. It is ethnically diverse and multicultural, the product of large-scale immigration, with almost half of the population having at least one parent born overseas.
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Australia, the smallest continent and one of the largest countries on Earth, lying between the Pacific and Indian oceans in the Southern Hemisphere. Australia’s capital is Canberra, located in the southeast between the larger and more important economic and cultural centres of Sydney and Melbourne. The Australian mainland extends from west to east for nearly 2,500 miles (4,000 km) and from Cape York Peninsula in the northeast to Wilsons Promontory in the southeast for nearly 2,000 miles (3,200 km). To the south, Australian jurisdiction extends a further 310 miles (500 km) to the southern extremity of the island of Tasmania, and in the north it extends to the southern shores of Papua New Guinea.
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Australia is separated from Indonesia to the northwest by the Timor and Arafura seas, from Papua New Guinea to the northeast by the Coral Sea and the Torres Strait, from the Coral Sea Islands Territory by the Great Barrier Reef, from New Zealand to the southeast by the Tasman Sea, and from Antarctica in the far south by the Indian Ocean.
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CLIMATE OF AUSTRALIA
Australian continent covers a large range of climate zones, from the tropics in the north to the arid interior and temperate regions in the south. Australia is the driest of all inhabited continents, with considerable rainfall and temperature variability both across the country and from year to year. Australia has a wide range of daily temperatures, with summer temperatures ranging from of 5.7°C in New South Wales to 30.8°C in Queensland, and to 8°C in Tasmania Australia’s climate varies greatly throughout the eight states and territories; there are four seasons across most of the country and a wet and dry season in the tropical north. Australia’s seasons are at opposite times to those in the northern hemisphere. December to February is summer; March to May is autumn; June to August is winter; and September to November is spring.
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BEAUTIFUL SIGHTSEEINGS OF AUSTRALIA
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ECONOMY OF AUSTRALIA
Economy of Australia Australia’s abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade relations are crucial to the country’s economy, which generates its income from various sources including services, mining exports, banking, manufacturing, agriculture and international education. Australia ranks highly for quality of life, health, education, economic freedom, civil liberties and political rights. Australia has a highly developed market economy and one of the highest per capita incomes globally.
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ECONOMY OF AUSTRALIA
Australia is a regional power, and has the world’s thirteenth-highest military expenditure.[38] It is a member of international groupings including the United Nations; the G20; the OECD; the World Trade Organization; Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation; the Pacific Islands Forum; the Pacific Community; the Commonwealth of Nations; and the defence/security organisations ANZUS, AUKUS, and the Five Eyes. It is a major non-NATO ally of the United States.
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The federal government is separated into three branches:
Legislature: the bicameral Parliament, comprising the monarch (represented by the governor-general), the Senate, and the House of Representatives;
Executive: the Federal Executive Council, which in practice gives legal effect to the decisions of the cabinet, comprising the prime minister and other ministers of state appointed by the governor-general on the advice of Parliament
Judiciary: the High Court of Australia and other federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the governor-general on advice of Parliament
Charles III reigns as King of Australia and is represented in Australia by the governor-general at the federal level and by the governors at the state level, who by convention act on the advice of his ministers.
GOVERNMENT
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Thus, in practice the governor-general acts as a legal figurehead for the actions of the prime minister and the Federal Executive Council. The governor-general, however, does have reserve powers which, in some situations, may be exercised outside the prime minister’s request. These powers are held by convention and their scope is unclear. The most notable exercise of these powers was the dismissal of the Whitlam Government in the constitutional crisis of 1975
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DAVID HURLEY
GENERAL GUBERNOR OF AUSTRALIA
CHARLES III
KING OF AUSTRALIA
ANTHONY ALBANESE
PRIME MINISTER OF AUSTRALIA
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SPORTS IN AUSTRALIA
Sport is an important part of Australia that dates back to the early colonial period. Australian rules football, rugby league, rugby union, association football, cricket and tennis are among the earliest organised sports in Australia. Sport has shaped the Australian national identity through events such as the Melbourne Cup and the America’s Cup. Australia also holds the record for the largest attendance at a Rugby Union match with almost 110,000 spectators watching the Wallabies play the All Blacks in 2000.
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MOST POPULAR SPORTS IN AUSTRALIA
1. Rugby League (NRL) National Rugby League is extremely popular in Australia.
2. Australian Rules Football (AFL) Australian Rules Football (AFL) colloquially known as “footy” or “Aussie Rules”, is another incredibly popular sport in Australia
3. Netball Netball is well loved in Australia, especially among women. 4. Swimming 3.1 million Australians regularly swim, showing just how popular this healthy sport is in Australia.
5. Cricket Cricket is very popular in Australia and they’re actually good at it too!
6. Cycling. Australians love to cycle! 2.4 million Australians regularly cycle.
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MOST POPULAR SPORTS IN AUSTRALIA
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7. Football (Soccer) Traditional football (known as “soccer” in Australia) is also popular with Australians, as you might expect from the world’s most popular sport.
8. Surfing Some of the world’s best surf is found in Australia. In fact, people from all over the world travel to Australia just to surf. Australian surfers are truly spoilt for choice when it comes to surfing spots.
9. Golf Around 1.3 million Australians play golf. While it’s very popular in Australia, golf isn’t as renowned as some of the other sports on this list. This is generally because golf is an expensive and exclusive sport.
10. Tennis Last but not least, tennis is super popular in Australia. Tennis heroes Rod Laver, Ken Rosewall and Lleyton Hewitt have all come out of Australia.
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AUSTRALIAN PUBLIC HOLIDAYS
Australia celebrates a number of public holidays throughout the year when banks, offices and some shops are closed. Australian National Public Holidays are The King’s Birthday, New Year’s Day, Australia Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Anzac Day, Christmas Day and Boxing Day The Christian festivals of Easter and Christmas are public holidays in Australia. Christmas Day, 25 December, falls during the Southern Hemisphere summer. Many Australians annually celebrate New Year’s Eve with parties, music and other forms of entertainment on December 31. New Year’s Eve is the day before New Year’s Day in the Gregorian calendar, which is used by many Australians. Fireworks over Sydney Harbor Bridge on New Year’s Eve.
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AUSTRALIAN PUBLIC HOLIDAYS
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With community festivals, concerts and citizenship ceremonies, the day is celebrated in large and small communities and cities around the nation. Australia Day has become the biggest annual civic event in Australia. Indigenous Australian events are now included. The King’s Birthday is generally observed on the second Monday in June, except in Western Australia, where it usually is observed in September or October to distance it from Western Australia Day. The day most strongly associated with Australian nationhood is Anzac Day. It specifically commemorates the landing of troops in the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) at Gallipoli on 25 April, 1915. The day is named in their honor but more generally commemorates all Australians who have fought in wars.
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EDUCATION
Education System of Australia Education in Australia encompasses the sectors of early childhood education (preschool) and primary education (primary schools), followed by secondary education (high schools), and finally tertiary education, which includes higher education (universities and other higher education providers) and vocational education (registered training organisations). Regulation and funding of education is primarily the responsibility of the States and territories; however, the Australian Government also plays a funding role. Education in Australia is compulsory between the ages of four, five, or six and fifteen, sixteen or seventeen, depending on the state or territory and the date of birth.
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EDUCATION
For primary and secondary education, government schools educate approximately 60 per cent of Australian students, with approximately 40 per cent in non-government schools. At the tertiary level, the majority of Australia’s universities are public, and student fees are subsidised through a student loan program where payment becomes due when debtors reach a certain income level.
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PRESCHOOLS
Preschools are usually run by the state and territory governments, except in Victoria, South Australia and New South Wales where they are more often run by local councils, community groups or private organisations. Preschool is offered to three- to five-year-olds; attendance numbers vary widely between the states, but 85.7% of children attended preschool the year before school.[46] The year before a child is due to attend primary school is the main year for preschool education. This year is far more commonly attended and may take the form of a few hours of activity during weekdays. Most states of Australia now fund government preschools to offer 15 hours per week (600 hours over a year) for each enrolled child in the year before they commence formal schooling.
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PRESCHOOLS
Secondary schools in Australia are also called high schools and colleges (or junior, intermediate, or senior colleges). Secondary schools vary across each Australian state and territory, but they generally cover Year 7 to Year 10 (compulsory period of education) and senior secondary schools continue to Year 12.
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