Communication. giving yourself time to think

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COMMUNICATION:Giving yourself time to think

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Plan:
Talking about languages
Making comparisons
Expressing attitude
Exam technique: Giving yourself time to think

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Languages
– The language that you learn from your parents when you are a baby – mother tongue.
– able to speak more than two languages very well- multilingual
– able to speak the language easily and correctly- fluent
– speak a language well enough to communicate about basic things – get by in
– not as good at something as you used to be because you have not done it for a long time- to be a (bit) rusty
– learn something without effort over a period of time- pick up

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a language that is spoken internationally __
a language that is spoken by only a small proportion of people in a country __
a language that is not spoken as a native language in your country __
a language that is used by many people ___
a language that you speak well but that is not your native language ___
a global language;
a minority language;
a foreign language;
a widely spoken language;
a second language

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My mother tongue
My mother tongue is Hungarian. It is spoken in Hungary and it is a minority language in the surrounding countries, especially Romania. It is not part of the same language family as European languages like English, French, German or Russian. It is a Uralic language, distantly related to Finnish and Estonian. Because Hungarian is not a widely spoken language, if you want to get on, you have to speak a foreign language. Unsurprisingly, the most popular second language among Hungarians is English, the global language .

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Like most of my friends, I am multilingual- as well as Hungarian, I am fluent in English and German. I can also get by in Italian and I did an evening course in Spanish a few years back, but I’m a bit rusty now. I seem to pick up languages quite easily, helped, I’m sure, by the fact that language teaching in Hungary is so good – it has to be, given that no-one speaks our language but us!

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Language features
British and American English are different dialects of English – there are some differences in vocabulary and grammar.
When they are shown in cinemas in my country, American films tend to be dubbed I wish they were subtitled instead because then I could improve my English while I watch.
French has a lot of loanwords from English, for example week-end, job, and jeans.
My friends and I speak with northern accents
Accents; dubbed; subtitled; dialects; loanwords.

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IELTS Speaking Exam:
Part 1
You are going to hear questions that are typical of Part 1 of the exam.
Listen to each question and give your answers using some of the vocabulary you have learnt so far in this unit.
Record your answers.
What’s your mother tongue?
What other languages do you speak?
What do you think is the best way to keep in touch with friends?
Do people keep in touch differently now compared to fifty years ago?

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Communicating
What’s your mother tongue?
My mother tongue is Portuguese. It’s predominantly spoken in Brazil but also in other parts of the world, such as Portugal and Africa .
What other languages do you speak?
Although I grew up in Brazil, I can also speak Italian because my mother and one set of grandparents are Italian and I grew up hearing the language all around me. I’m really proud to be bilingual and I’d like my children to be bilingual too.

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Sample answers:
What do you think is the best way to keep in touch with friends?
It depends how far you are from your friends. If you are geographically close, you should meet up face-to-face . Long-distance communication can cause misunderstandings and resentments to build up – when you write, you only have the words on the page, not body language or tone of voice.

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Do people keep in touch differently now compared to fifty years ago?
Well, of course, people use the Internet now and mobile phones. I’m quite young but even when I was a teenager nobody in my friendship circle had a mobile. Now it’s seen as indispensable and you would feel left out if you didn’t have one. But as I said before, I think it’s better to meet up with friends than to communicate using technology. There’s much to be said for communicating in so-called old-fashioned ways.

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Making comparison
Simple grammar structure:
Mark got a band score of 3.5 in his IELTS exam . Anna got a band score of 6.5. Anita got a band score of 7.0.
We can use the comparative and superlative forms to compare their scores: Anna got a higher score than Mark. (comparative) Anita got the highest score {in the group}. (superlative)

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-less or lower
The opposite of more is less, and the opposite of the most is the least. However, note that we often avoid using less. Instead we use not as … as … or an opposite adjective, especially with one-syllable adjectives. Example: a high score a lower score (not a less high score).
We can use the following structure to say that two things change together: the + comparative (+ subject + verb], the + comparative (+ subject + verb) Examples: The more languages you speak, the easier it is to learn a new one. The sooner, the better.

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Expressing attitude
You can make your language more interesting by expressing your attitude with precision. One way to do this is with attitude markers. These are often adverbs, but they can also be phrases and they modify a whole sentence or clause. Their position in a sentence is generally very flexible . ‘
Example:
British people apparently spend an average of £90 a month on communication services. They have increased their use of such services in recent years but, interestingly, they spend less money on them because competition between companies has reduced the charges.

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Attitude markers:
admittedly
as luck would have it
ideally
all things considered
arguably
even more importantly
undoubtedly

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Exam tip:
As you learn new aspects of language, such as attitude markers , there are two important things to remember:
Learn them properly. It is not enough to memorize lists of words. Look up the words and phrases in your dictionary, study example sentences, look for these words and phrases in context, and practice using the new vocabulary and structures.
Do not overuse them. Using attitude markers in every sentence, for example, will make your English sound unnatural. Again, study the language in context to see how native speakers use them.

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Giving yourself time to think
Tip: Although you should not overuse language such as um and er, using such language is not a sign of ‘bad English’, All native speakers make use of these strategies.
You can also use whole phrases to give yourself time to think:
That’s a tough question,
That’s an interesting question.
It’s very difficult to know for sure, but I think/perhaps/it’s possible , ..

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Practice time
Read the exchanges below and underline the language the candidates use to do that.
Examiner: Are social networking sites the most popular way for young people to communicate with each other?
Candidate: Yes, they certainly are. It’s no doubt because it is free and simple . . .
Examiner: Are you saying that more and more people are texting to keep in touch?
Candidate: Precisely. It is fast becoming the most popular means of communication .. .

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